Prioritizing sites for conservation based on similarity to historical baselines and feasibility of protection

The concept of shifting baselines in conservation science implies advocacy for the use of historical knowledge to inform these baselines but does not address the feasibility of restoring sites to those baselines. In many regions, conservation feasibility varies among sites due to differences in resource availability, statutory power, and land‐owner participation. We used zooarchaeological records to identify a historical baseline of the freshwater mussel community's composition before Euro‐American influence at a river‐reach scale (i.e., a kilometer stretch of river that is abiotically similar) in the Leon River of central Texas (U.S.A.). We evaluated how the community reference position and the feasibility of conservation might enable identification of sites where conservation actions would preserve historically representative communities and be likely to succeed. We devised a conceptual model that incorporated community information and landscape factors to link the best conservation areas to potential cost and conservation benefits. Using fuzzy ordination, we identified modern mussel beds that were most like the historical baseline. We then quantified housing density and land use near each river reach identified to estimate feasibility of habitat restoration. Using our conceptual framework, we identified reaches of high conservation value (i.e., contain the best mussel beds) and where restoration actions would be most likely to succeed. Reaches above Lake Belton were most similar in species composition and relative abundance to zooarchaeological sites. A subset of these mussel beds occurred in locations where conservation actions appeared most feasible. Our results show how to use zooarchaeological data (biodiversity data often readily available) and estimates of conservation feasibility to inform conservation priorities at a local spatial scale.     

基于DMSP-OLS夜间灯光数据的长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变（1992～2013）

研究长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变，对于透视长江经济带城镇体系空间格局演变特征和规律以及促进长江经济带城镇体系空间格局优化发展有着重要意义。利用多时相同期Landsat卫星数据以及运用聚类分析方法对长江经济带夜间灯光数据进行校正，并采用其他辅助数据法对比分析获取城镇建成区面积的阈值，在此阈值基础之上选取景观总面积、总斑块数量和聚集度指数等总共8个典型景观格局指标, 继而使用FRAG-STATS 4.2 软件对1992~2013年间长江经济带城镇发展的空间格局变化进行计算分析。研究结果表明：(1）1992~2013年间，长江经济带城镇化快速扩展，城镇建成区面积增加了9.68倍，斑块数量增加了2.39倍，斑块密度也得到较大的增加，反映出长江经济带城镇数量不断增加和城镇建成区面积不断扩大；（2）景观斑块形状复杂度逐渐上升，中小城市不断壮大，同时出现了较多的新兴小城镇，总边界长度和平均边界密度的年均增长速度分别为21.56%和21.58%，体现了长江经济带城镇间聚集度越来越高，相互影响也越来越大；(3）最大斑块指数和聚集度指数两个指标在整体上呈现出逐年下降的态势，但是景观总面积、总斑块数量和斑块密度等8个指标在演变过程中均存在一定的波动和无序化，反映出长江经济带在城镇化过程中呈现出不规则和无序化的特征。     

Mapping shifts in spatial synchrony in grassland birds to inform conservation planning

Spatial synchrony, defined as the correlated fluctuations in abundance of spatially separated populations, can be caused by regional fluctuations in natural and anthropogenic environmental population drivers. Investigations into the geography of synchrony can provide useful insight to inform conservation planning efforts by revealing regions of common population drivers and metapopulation extinction vulnerability. We examined the geography of spatial synchrony and decadal changes in these patterns for grassland birds in the United States and Canada, which are experiencing widespread and persistent population declines. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and over 50 years of abundance data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to generate population indices within a 2° latitude by 2° longitude grid. We computed and mapped mean local spatial synchrony for each cell (mean detrended correlation of the index among neighboring cells), along with associated uncertainty, for 19 species in 2, 26-year periods, 1968–1993 and 1994–2019. Grassland birds were predicted to increase in spatial synchrony where agricultural intensification, climate change, or interactions between the 2 increased. We found no evidence of an overall increase in synchrony among grassland bird species. However, based on the geography of these changes, there was considerable spatial heterogeneity within species. Averaging across species, we identified clusters of increasing spatial synchrony in the Prairie Pothole and Shortgrass Prairie regions and a region of decreasing spatial synchrony in the eastern United States. Our approach has the potential to inform continental-scale conservation planning by adding an additional layer of relevant information to species status assessments and spatial prioritization of policy and management actions. Our work adds to a growing literature suggesting that global change may result in shifting patterns of spatial synchrony in population dynamics across taxa with broad implications for biodiversity conservation.     

某发展性故障中双套保护装置动作报文不一致原因分析

对一起220 kV线路短路故障跳闸进行分析,找出PRS-753型线路保护装置与PSL-603型线路保护装置2套保护装置针对发展性故障动作报告不一致的原因和影响保护动作行为的现场缺陷,提出保护装置报文应用的优化逻辑,以使高压线路发生此类故障时,双重化保护装置能够准确地、完整地记录故障情况和保护动作情况,以方便继电保护人员分析处理故障缺陷。     

Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous material from rice husk ash and its application in the removal of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The rice husk ash (RHA) was used as an alternative source of silica for the synthesis of the functionalized mesoporous material, which was used in the...     

Deep learning of grasping detection for a robot used in sorting construction and demolition waste

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The traditional construction and demolition waste (CDW) treatment process adopts the method of crushing and screening after mixing and combines the...     

Contextual and organizational factors in sustainable supply chain decision making: grey relational analysis and interpretative structural modeling

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Sustainable supply chain emerges as a major business trend essential to long-term competitive advantage. Relevant corporate decisions concern a broad...     

Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Textiles release microfibers to the environment during production, use, and at end-of-life disposal. There is a potentially large and growing risk to...     

喀斯特地区非物质文化遗产空间格局及影响因素——以贵州省为例

厘清喀斯特地区非遗分布的空间格局有利于盘点资源现状,客观了解区域文化产生过程,以提高非遗的管理、保护与开发水平.基于地理学空间视角,利用GIS空间分析方法,探讨贵州9个地州市1023项非物质文化遗产类型结构、空间格局及影响因素,研究发现:(1)贵州省非物质文化遗产项目类型结构层次分明,民俗类数量最多,曲艺、传统医药与传统美术类相对稀缺;(2)贵州省非物质文化遗产空间分布不均衡,以贵阳市和黔东南州为双核心,中部和东部集聚明显,西部地区分布较少;(3)贵州省近90％的非物质文化遗产集中分布在海拔1400 m以下的喀斯特低山、中低山区域,曲艺类占比最高,传统体育、游艺与杂技和传统技艺两类分布与主要河流流域拟合较好,民间文学类与明清时期主要交通干线空间分布关联较高;(4)地形地貌、水系、文化、交通、经济等自然和人文因素对喀斯特地区非物质文化遗产空间格局产生重要影响.     

曲霉菌降解机械润滑油的研究

分离出能高效降解机油的真菌并研究其使用方法.从机械润滑油污染的土中分离出2株真菌,GXUA和GXUB.形态鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌.rDNA的ITS序列同源性分析表明,GXUA与A.tubingens,GXUB与A.fumigatus菌株SRRC 43完全同源.根据均匀设计的油-矿质液中的摇床发酵结果,混合菌体对机油的降解效率高于单菌株,最佳发酵条件为25 g菌丝体/L矿质液,pH=5.0,26 ℃.在此条件下,于10 g机油/L矿质液中摇床发酵9 d,其降解效率为95.90%.液-质色谱分析表明,混合菌能降解机油中700～900 Dt的大分子.用两菌株的孢子和其他两种生物材料试制了实验室级的颗粒(直径1 cm)生物制剂.在实验室级水平上,按500粒/m2水面和150粒/kg土用量分别处理具有约2 mm厚油膜的水(自来水和海水)和50 g机油/kg土的土壤,处理后的水和土壤中残余油量符合国家有关环境污染控制标准,添加油酸钠和H2O2能够显著提高降解效率.